![]() In some passages it is particularly associated with the line of Abraham, who beseeches in verse 14:40, “O Lord! Make me one who establishes regular prayer ( yuqīm al-ṣalāt), and also among my offspring.” Ishmael is described (verse 19:55) as one “who used to enjoin on his people prayer and charity,” and Isaac and Jacob were inspired by God “to do good deeds, to establish regular prayers, and to practice regular charity” (21:73). Verses 19:58–9 associate prostration and ṣalāt with the descendants of Adam, Noah, and Abraham. Prayer – including physical prostration – is represented as a prophetic heritage going back to the beginnings of the human race. The Qurʾān also gives ṣalāt an ancient pedigree, using the word to refer to the forms of prayer that were performed and commanded by previous prophets. ![]() ![]() What did the word ṣalāt mean in Arabic before the revelation of the Qurʾān, and was it in origin Arabic at all? Was the ritual (or its components) already familiar in pre-Islamic Arabia? What might it have meant to contemporary observers? As noted by Gerhard Böwering, the Qurʾān appears to assume that the word requires no explanation. ![]()
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